The standard enchantment table uses the "Standard Galactic Alphabet" and it can be translated, but it would require immense amounts of patience. This link should help you if you choose to translate it on your own:
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sga.htm.
There is a way to convert the language to english, without actually having to translate every letter, however it is slightly more complicated as it requires you to replace an image file inside the minecraft .jar file.
In the end, even if you did translate it using either of the ways above, it probably would not make much sense to you because the words come out in short bursts like "air hot fire". When I upgrade, I just choose the highest possible level and hope for a good outcome. If I don't like my outcome, I get more levels and try again. :/
Hope I helped.